Critical mass: transport, environment and society in the twenty-first century

achieve activities air pollution air quality airport associated aviation benefits car ownership catalytic converter cent centres cities CO2 emissions congestion consumption damage dB(A demand for transport developed world developing countries distance economic effects energy environment environmental impact Europe European example external costs freight transport fuel global warming greenhouse gas groups growth Heathrow impact of transport important improve increase industry journey kilometres land large number levels lifestyle lorry manufacturing methanol mobility modes of transport motor vehicles motorised transport motorway noise organisation ozone particulate passenger population prisoners dilemma problems production public transport rail reduce result road freight road pricing road traffic accidents road transport significant social society solutions Source space spatial speed strategy sustainable development sustainable transport targets tourist trans-European road network transport planning transport policy transport sector transport systems trips urban areas walking and cycling