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bargains for services, as with donkey-boys, camel-men, boats, guides, &c., it should be remembered that 5 to 10 per cent. extra is expected as bakhshish in a lump at the end, subject to good behaviour; and this gives an excellent hold on the people.

ADDENDA TO BAEDECKER'S

VOCABULARY

Station, mahatta; ticket, tezkereh, warak, bilieto; 1st class, brimo; 2nd class, secondo; (does) this go to Cairo? deh raih al Masr? train, kattr; engine, wabur; carriage, arabiyeh; goods, buda'a; goods train, kattr el buda'a; baggage-receipt, bolicy (pronounced bolīse); storage charge, ardiyeh. I (will) beat the telegraph (=I will telegraph), ana adrob et telegraphia; the wires, es silk.

(The dots in the following words separate the elements, which are here translated literally.)

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Show me the snake, warri ni el hanesh. Not showed. I to him the fowl, ma warr·et l.u.sh el farkha (sh like French pas, untranslated). Not thou leave.it, ma-t-khalli.u.sh. He opened.it, Huweh fatah.u. Thou camest from where? Ente git min ayn. From the desert (hill or plain), min el gebel. Thou goest where? Ente raih fen. Northwards, bahri. The engine it leaves when? el wabur ye·safir emta? at the sunset, fi·l maghreb. Atest thou five pounds in the four months, pound and quarter for the month, kal-t khamast ertal fi.l arbat·usher, rotl.u.rub bi.sh shahr (accent strongly as marked). Two cubits length (pair cubits) for two piastres (dual), gozet ídra bi ķirshēn. Finished, khalás. I am very tired (I bad.ed entirely), ana battal.t khálas. Finished entirely, Khalás khálas. (It) was cold very in the morning before the sun (rise), kan bard kowi fi.'s subh kabl esh shems. The peasants (are) foolish like cattle, el fellahin magnun zeyeh behaim. A lucky day for you (literally, day-thy, milk) neharak leben. By life (of) the prophet, wa hayt en nebi. By life (of) father thy, wa hayt abu.k. Bless me! (oh health.my) ya salam.i (really a title of the

Deity).

Village night guard, ghafir, pl. ghofera.

INDEX

(Including a reference to each Illustration.)

ACCURACY, meaning of, 14; of
Khufu's pyramid, 19; of Khafra's
pyramid, 22; of Usertesen's coffin,
109.

Aegean confederacy, 152; pottery,

121, 124, 132-3.

Agricultural tools, 119.
Alabaster cups, 120.
Alphabetic marks, 121, 134.
Altar of offerings, 89.

Alterations of design in pyramids,
21, 24.

Am, now Tell Nebesheh, 69.
Amasis, destroys Daphnae, 61.
Amenardus, priestess, 125; queen,
72.

Amenemhat II, 81; III, 83, 89.
Amenhotep III, 122; IV, 122.
Amulets, found on mummies, 69,
92-4; history of, 126.

Anen, the Tursha head of, 130, 132.
Animal figures on rocks, 75.
Antef V, tablet of, 74.
Apepi, stamp of, 122.
Apries and Amasis, war of, 61.
Arabic, amount needful, 187.
Arch early in use, 115.
Arsinoe, work at, 81-82.
Assuan, inscriptions of, 72.

Babies buried in boxes, 116.
Baboon of ivory, 117.
Bakakhuiu, statue of, 34.

Barracks of pyramid workmen, 25,
113.

Basalt statue of Si-sebek, 117.
Bead work patterns, 125.

Biahmu, pedestals, 83; statues at, 84.
Birket Kerun, building at, 104-5.
Boreas and Typhon vase, 57.

Botany of ancient Egypt, 104.

Bowl, turned in diorite, 27; of blue-

glaze, 135.

Bribery omnipotent, 179.
Brick mould, 118.

Bronze, hinges, 129; introduction
of, 151, 153; pans, 128, 130;
tools, 129.

Burial, directions of, 69; with por-

traits, 97; in clothing, 101; of
burnt objects, 132; at Medum,

145.

Buto, Arabian and western, 69.

Care needed for papyri, 34-5.
Casing of great pyramid, 20, 25; of
third pyramid, 17; of Dahshur
pyramid, 78.

Casket of ivory, 102.

Castanets, ivory, 116.
Chair, 117.

Chisels, 43, 46, 58, 112, 120, 129,
154.

Civilization of Egypt, early, 144,
150; of Europe, early, 153-5.
Cleanliness, kinds of, 14.
Climatic changes, 148.

Coin of Naukratis, 45.

Colossus of Amenemhat III, 84; of
Ramessu II, 32.
Colours firmly fixed, 110.
Column supporting statue, 65; of
third dynasty, 143.
Copper tools, 115, 117, 120.
Crocodile burials, 92.
Crown drills, 26.

Cylinder seals, 145.

Cypriote pottery, 68; soldier, 37.

Dahshur, casing of pyramid, 78;
door of pyramid, 24, 78; pyramids,
79.

Dancer, figure of, 116.
Daphnae, ruins of, 50; restoration

of, 52; destruction of, 61.
Dates of dynasties, 9.
Dedications, 38, 41, 42, 44.

Demotic inscription on vase, 58.
Denudation of Nile valley, 149; of
tombs, 68.

Derwishes in villages, 171.
Diseases, ancient, 146.
Dolls, Roman, 103.
Doors of pyramids, 24.
Draught-board, 145.
Drill, 119.
Dynasties, dates of, 9.

Education in Egypt, 168, 184.
Egypt, earliest state of, 148; civiliza-
tion in, 151; modern, 167.

Elephantine, royal names at, 72.
Embroideries, Coptic, 126, 136.
Esneh, prehistoric flint, 76, 149.
Europe, early civilization of, 152-4.
Excavation, system of, 158; scope
of, 164.

Fallacies regarding pyramids, 24.
Fanaticism, Muslim, 173.
Festivals in villages, 170.
Flint hippopotamus, 127; knife, 82,
120; prehistoric, 76, 149, 150;
sickles, 119; tools, 118.
Flower wreaths, 103.
Forbearance unknown to fellahin,
176.

Foreigners at Gurob, 129-134; at

Illahun, 121, 123; confederacy of,
152; represented, 77.
Foundation deposits, Daphnae, 53;
Illahun, 112; Naukratis, 43; Ne-
besheh, 66.

laying out of, 143.
Funereal customs, 132, 146.

[blocks in formation]

Greek, early portrait of, 77; mer-
cenaries, 37, 39, 43, 51, 68; trade,
43, 45, 48, 61; (see Aegean,
Foreigners, Vases).

Griffith, Mr. F. Ll., 50, 64, 71.
Gurob, 128.

Hanebu, head of, 77.

Harper, Hittite, 132.

Hawara cemetery, 92; pyramid, 81,
87.

Herodotos visited Fayum, 84.
Hinges, interlocking, 129.
Hittite harper, 132; Sadi-amia, 132.
Horuta, amulets of, 94; tomb of, 92.
Hospitality in Egypt, 183.
Houses, modern, 168, 170, 172.
Hyksos kings, 32, 66.

Illahun cemetery, 124; pyramid, 107.
Iron, age of, 152; tools, 46, 58.
Italy, influence of, 154.
Ivory casket, 102; duck box, 137.

Jeremiah at Daphnae, 51, 54.
Jewellery, Greek, 61-3.

Jew's daughter, palace of, 51; refuge

at Tahpanhes, 53.

Jews meet with Greeks, 54.
Joseph, vice-royalty of, 66.

Kahun, 112.

Khafra, mace of, 23; pyramid of, 22.
Khufu, pyramid of, 19-22; plummet
of, 28.

Kings, list of, 9.

Kismet, 174.

Labyrinth, great extent, 91; site of,
91.

Law in modern Egypt, 179.

Lykaonian spearheads, 68.

[blocks in formation]

Naukratis, cemetery, 47; coin of,
45; dedication at, 38; discovery
of, 36-8; fort of, 36-9; Greek
origin of, 39, 45; Panhellenion,
42; temples, 39.
Naukratite vases, 41, 47, 48.
Nebesheh, cemetery, 68; first temple,
67; shrine, 64; temple of Aahmes,
65.

Nebuchadnezzar, 54.
Necking of columns, 40.
Neferu-ptah altar, 89.

Negro on vase, 48.

Nehesi, obelisk of, 31.

Nile, exploring, 71; formerly high,

75, 148-9.

Numeral signs, from ropes, 145.

Obedience natural to fellahin, 177–8.

Officials isolated from fellahin, 180.

Palaistra of Naukratis, 44.

Palmetto pattern, age of, 56.

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