The affirmative answer to a sentence without negation is oui; but with a negation in familiar style, the affirmative answer is generally si or si fait.

Do you not love your mother?
I do love her.

N'aimez-vous pas votre mère ?
Si, je l'aime.

Have you the bread?
Yes, sir, I have the bread.
Has he the meat?

EXAMPLES.

Yes, madam, he has the meat.
Has she the eggs?

She has the eggs.

Have you the wine?

Yes, we have the wine.
Have they the beer?

They have the beer and glasses.
Have they the sugar ?

They have the sugar and milk.
Have you the knife?

I have the knife, fork, and spoon.

1.

Avez-vous le pain?

Oui, monsieur, j'ai le pain.
A-t-il la viande ?

Oui, madame, il a la viande.
A-t-elle les œufs ?

Elle a les œufs.

Avez-vous le vin ?

Oui, nous avons le vin.

Ont-ils la bière ?

Ils ont la bière et les verres.
Ont-elles le sucre ?

Elles ont le sucre et le lait.
Avez-vous le couteau ?

J'ai le couteau, la fourchette, et
la cuillère.

Have you the glasses? Yes, I have the glasses. Has he the bread? He has the bread and the wine. -Has she the sugar? She has the sugar and water. - Have you the beer? I have the beer? - Have you the knife and the fork? We have the knife, spoon, fork, and meat. - Have they the milk? They

have the milk and the sugar.

- Have they (f.) the eggs? Yes, bread. -Has he the meat? He

they have the eggs and the has the meat, bread, and wine. - Have you the water? I have the water, the sugar, and bread. - Who (qui) has the milk? We have the milk. - Have you also (aussi) the water? Yes, we have the milk and the water.

Review present indicative of avoir in the four forms. Page 130.

A, an,

or

one.

INDEFINITE ARTICLE.

1. Un, m. s., used before masculine singular words.

2. Une, f. s., used before feminine singular words.

I have a dish,

I have a bottle,

I have one plate,

J'ai un plat.

J'ai une bouteille.

J'ai une assiette.

Not, ne,* pas. Only, but, ne... que, seulement. Place ne before the verb, and pas or que after the verb.

I have not a decanter,
I have not a dish,

I have only a bottle,

I have but one plate,

Je n'ai pas une carafe.

Je n'ai pas un plat,

Je n'ai qu'une bouteille.

J'ai seulement une bouteille. Je n'ai qu'une assiette.

*Most monosyllabic words ending with e mute reject this letter before a vowel or silent h.

Some or any; Sing.

(also of or from the.)

Plur.

PARTITIVE ARTICLES.

{

1. Du, m. used before masculine singular words beginning with a consonant or aspirated h.

2. De la, f, used before feminine singular words beginning with a consonant or aspirated h.

3. De l', m. and f., used before masculine or feminine singular words beginning with a vowel or silent h.

4. Des, plur. used before masculine or feminine plural words.

N. B. The above partitive articles follow the same rules, as to the classes of words with which they are used, as have been given for the Definite Article.

Some or any, of it, thereof, of them, en.

When the partitive noun is understood, en is used instead of du, de la, de l', des, and is placed before the verb, except in the imperative affirmative.

The preposition de is used instead of du, de la, de l', des, whatever be the gender or number of the partitive

noun:

1st. In a negative-partitive sentence.

2d. When an adjective precedes the partitive noun.

I have no butter.

I have good butter.

Je n'ai pas de beurre.

J'ai de bon beurre.

A partitive noun is one with which some or any is used. Some or any is, however, frequently understood in English.

Has she any chocolate?

She has some chocolate.

She has some.
Have we any tea?

We have no tea.

We have none.

Have you no cheese?

EXAMPLES.

No, but we have some cream.

Have they any pepper?
They have some pepper and salt.
Have they (f.) not a decanter.
They have one.
They have none.
Have you a plate?

I have a plate and a dish.

I have but one plate.

Have you not also a dish?
Who has a dish?

I have no dish.

A-t-elle du chocolat?

Elle a du chocolat.

Elle en a.

Avons-nous du thé?

Nous n'avons pas de thé.

Nous n'en avons pas.

N'avez-vous pas de fromage ?

Non, mais nous avons de la crême.

Ont-ils du poivre ?

Ils ont du poivre et du sel.
N'ont-elles pas une carafe ?
Elles en ont une.

Elles n'en ont pas.

Avez-vous une assiette ?

J'ai une assiette et un plat.
Je n'ai qu'une assiette.

J'ai seulement une assiette.
N'avez-vous pas aussi un plat ?
Qui a un plat ?

Je n'ai pas de plat.

2.

Has he not a decanter and a bottle?

He has no decanter,
She has one, but
I have some salt
They have some

They have

They have

but he has a bottle. Has she not a plate? she has no dish. — Have you not any salt? and pepper. Have they (f.) any butter? butter and cream. - Have they (m.) any cheese? some cheese and bread. Have they (m.) no wine? some. — Have they (f.) any eggs? They have none, but they have some milk and cream. none. - Have you any glasses? a decanter? I have only one. some coffee and sugar. Have you a knife? I have one. Have you a spoon and a fork? I have a spoon, but I have no fork. Have you no meat? I have none.

Have you no beer? I have I have only one. - Have you - Has she any coffee? She has

Bel and vieil are used with masculine singular nouns beginning with a vowel or silent h.

Study and conjugate, affirmatively and interrogatively, the indicative present of être. See page 134.

POSITION OF THE ADJECTIVE-Place de l'Adjectif.

The adjective in French is generally placed after the noun to which it relates. It is always placed after it when it denotes religion, nationality, color, shape, taste, quality, temperature, the matter of which an object is composed or made; as well as the participles present and past used adjectively; and also many adjectives in al, able, ible, ique, if.

The following usually precede the noun: beau, bon, cher (dear), digne (worthy), jeune, joli, mauvais, méchant, meilleur (better), petit, saint (holy), tout (all), vieux, vilain, laid, etc., i. e., short adjectives in common

use.

Many adjectives may be placed either before or after the noun. These will be studied farther on.