make great use of the prayers characters and stations, who are above-mentioned. The Jews also more especially obliged to it; as apply the terms hosanna rabbi in particularly magistrates and others a more peculiar manner to the se-in civil offices, who would forfeit venth day of the feast of taberna- the esteem of the public, and greatcles, because they apply them-ly injure their usefulness, were selves more immediately on that they not to observe the rites of hosday to invoke the Divine blessing, pitality. Ministers, also, and such christians as are qualified by their

&c.

HOSPITALITY, kindness particular offices in the church, exercised in the entertainment of and their affluent circumstances, strangers. This virtue, we find, may be eminently useful in this is explicitly commanded by, and way. The two grand virtues makes a part of the morality of the which ought to be studied by every New Testament. Indeed, that one, in order that he may have it religion which breathes nothing in his power to be hospitable, are, but charity, and whose tendency is industry and economy. But it to expand the heart, and call forth may be asked again, to whom is the benevolent exertions of man- this duty to be practised? The ankind one to another, must evident-swer is, to strangers: but here it is ly embrace this practice. If it be necessary to observe, that the term asked, of whom is this required? it strangers hath two acceptations. is answered, that the principle is It is to be understood of travellers, required of all, though the duty it- or persons who come from a disself can only be practised by those tance, and with whom we have whose circumstances will admit of little or no acquaintance; and it. Dr. Stennet, in his discourse more generally of all who are not on this subject (Domestic Duties, of our house-strangers, as opser. 10) justly observes, "that posed to domestics. Hospitality hospitality is a species of charity is especially to be practised to the to which every one is not compe-poor; they who have no houses of tent. But the temper from which their own, or possess few of the it proceeds, I mean a humane, be-conveniences of life, should occanevolent, generous temper, that sionally be invited to our houses, ought to prevail in every breast. and refreshed at our tables, Luke Some are miserably poor, and it is xiv, 13, 14. Hospitality also may not to be expected that their doors be practised to those who are of should be thrown open to entertain the same character and of the same strangers; yet the cottage of a pea- community with ourselves. As to sant may exhibit noble specimens the various offices of hospitality, of hospitality. Here distress has and the manner in which they often met with pity, and the per- should be rendered, it must be obsecuted an asylum. Nor is there served, that the entertainments a man who has a house to sleep in, should be plentiful, frugal and corbut may be benevolent to strangers. dial, Gen. xviii, 6, 8. John xii, 3. But there are persons of certain Luke xv, 17. The obligations to VOL. I,

Zz

this duty arise from the fitness and that the elements are no longer reasonableness of it; it brings its bread and wine, but transubstanown reward, Acts xx, 35. It is ex- tiated into the real body and blood pressly commanded by God, Lev. of Christ. See TRANSUBSTANTIAxxv, 35, 38. Luke xvi, 19. Luke TION. --Pope Gregory IX, first dexiv, 13, 14. Rom. xii. Heb. xiii, 1, creed a bell to be rung, as the sig2. 1st Pet. iv, 9. We have many nal for the people to betake themstriking examples of hospitality on selves to the adoration of the host. divine record: Abraham, Gen. The vessel wherein the hosts are xviii, 1, 8. Lot, Gen. xix, 1, 3. Job kept is called the cibory, being a xxxi, 17, 22. Shunamite, 2d Kings large kind of covered chalice. iv, 8, 10. The hospitable man menHUGUENOTS, an appellation tioned in Judges xix, 16, 21. Da- given by way of contempt to the revid, 2d Sam. vi, 19. Obadiah, 1st formed or protestant Calvinists of Kings xviii, 4. Nehemiah, Neh. France. The name had its rise in v, 17, 18. Martha, Luke x, 38. 1560, but authors are not agreed Mary, Matt. xxvi, 6, 13. The pri- as to the origin and occasion theremitive christians, Acts ii, 45, 46. of. Some derive it from the folPriscilla and Aquila, Acts xviii, lowing circumstance:-One of the 26. Lydia, Acts xvi, 15, &c. &c. gates of the city of Tours is called Lastly, what should have a power-the gate Fourgon, by corruption ful effect on our minds, is the con- from feu Heugon, i. e. the late Husideration of Divine hospitality. gon. This Hugon was once count God is good to all, and his tender of Tours, according to Eginhardus, mercies are over all his works. in his life of Charles the Great, and His sun shines and his rain falls on to some other historians. He was, the evil as well as the good. His it seems, a very wicked man, who very enemies share of his bounty. by his fierce and cruel temper made He gives liberally to all men, and himself dreadful; so that after his upbraids not; but especially we death he was supposed to walk should remember the exceeding about in the night time, beating all riches of his grace, in his kindness those he met with: this tradition towards us through Christ Jesus. the judicious Thuanus has not Let us lay all these considerations scrupled to mention in his history. together, and then ask ourselves Davila and other historians prewhether we can find it in our hearts tend that the nickname of Hugueto be selfish, parsimonious, and in-nots was first given to the French hospitable ?" Protestants, because they used to

HOST, in the church of Rome, meet in the night time in subtera name given to the elements used raneous vaults near this gate of in the eucharist, or rather to the Hugon; and what seems to counconsecrated wafer, which they pre-tenance this opinion is, that they tend to offer up every day, as a new were first called by the name of host or sacrafice for the sins of Huguenots at this city of Tours. mankind. They pay adoration to Others assign a more illusthe host upon a false presumption trious origin to this name, and say that the leaguers gave it to the 19, vol. v) makes the following fine reformed, because they were for apostrophe to that tyrant Lewis keeping the crown upon the head XIV, by whom they were driven of the present line descended from into exile. "And thou, dreadful Hugh Caput; whereas they were prince, whom I once honoured as for giving it to the house of Guise, my king, and whom I yet respect as descended from Charles the as a scourge in the hand of AlGreat. Others again derive it from mighty God, thou also shalt have a a French and faulty pronunciation part in my good wishes! These proof the German word edignossen, vinces, which thou threatenest, but signifying confederates; and ori- which the arm of the Lord proginally applied to that valiant part tects; this country, which thou filof the city of Geneva, which enter-lest with refugees, but fugitives anied into an alliance with the Swiss mated with love; these walls, which cantons, in order to maintain their contain a thousand martyrs of thy liberties against the tyrannical at- making, but whom religion renders tempts of Charles III, duke of Sa- victorious, all these yet resound bevoy. These confederates were cal-nedictions in thy favour. God grant led Eignots; whence Huguenots. the fatal bandage that hides the The persecutions which they have truth from thine eyes may fall off! undergone has scarce its parallel in May God forget the rivers of blood the history of religion. During the with which thou hast deluged the reign of Charles IX, and on the earth, and which thy reign hath 24th of August, 1572, happened the caused to be shed! May God blot massacre of Bartholomew, when out of his book the injuries which seventy thousand of them through- thou hast done us; and while he out France were butchered with rewards the sufferers, may he parcircumstances of aggravated cruel- don those who exposed us to suffer! ty. See PERSECUTION. In 1598, O, may God, who hath made thee Henry IV passed the famous edict to us, and to the whole church, a of Nantz, which secured to the minister of his judgments, make Protestants the free exercise of thee a dispenser of his favourstheir religion. This edict was an administrator of his mercy!" revoked by Lewis XIV: their HUMANITY, the exercise of churches were then erased to the the social and benevolent virtues; ground, their persons insulted by a fellow-feeling for the distress of the soldiery, and, after the loss of another. It is properly called huinnumerable lives, fifty thousand manity, because there is little or valuable members of society were nothing of it in brutes. The social driven into exile. In Holland they affections are conceived by all to be built several places of worship, and more refined than the selfish. Symhad amongst them some distin-pathy and humanity are universally guished preachers. Among others esteemed the finest temper of mind; were Superville, Dumont, Dubosc, and for that reason the prevalence and the eloquent Saurin; the latter of the social affections in the proof whom, in one of his sermons (ser. gress of society is held to be a re

finement in our nature, Kames's face, and the fears and impressions El. of Crit. p. 104, vol. 1; Ro- of his wrath, Psal. xxii, 1. Luke binson's Sermon on Christianity, a xxii, 43. Heb. v, 7.-5. In his System of Humanity; Pratt's Po- death, scourged, crowned with em on Humanity.

thorns, received gall and vinegar

HUMANITY OF CHRIST, to drink, and was crucified between is his possessing a true human body, two thieves, Luke xxiii. John xix. and a true human soul, and which Mark xv, 24, 25.-6. In his burihe assumed for the purpose of ren- al: not only was he born in another dering his mediation effectual to man's house, but he was buried in our salvation. See JESUS CHRIST. another man's tomb; for he had no HUMILIATION OF CHRIST, tomb of his own, or family vault to is that state of meanness and dis- be interred in, Is. liii, 10. &c. Matt. tress to which he voluntarily de-xiii, 46. The humiliation of Christ scended, for the purpose of execu-was necessary, 1. To execute the ting his mediatorial work. This purpose of God and covenant enappears, 1. In his birth. He was gagements of Christ, Acts ii, 23, born of a woman-a sinful woman; 24. Psal. xl, 6, 7, 8.-2. To fulfil though he was without sin, Gal. iv, the manifold types and predictions 4. A poor woman, Luke ii, 7, 24. of the Old Testament.-3. To saIn a poor country village, John i, tisfy the broken law of God, and 46. In a stable, an abject place. purchase eternal redemption for us, Of a nature subject to infirmities, Isa. liii, Heb. ix, 12, 15.-4. Το Heb. ii, 9. hunger, thirst, weari- leave us an unspotted pattern of ness, pain, &c. 2. In his circum- holiness and patience under sufferstances, laid in a manger when he ing. Gill's Body of Div. p. 66, was born; lived in obscurity for a vol. ii; Brown's Nat. and Rev. long time; probably worked at the Religion, р. 357; Ridgley's Body trade of a carpenter; had not a of Div. qu. 48.

place where to lay his head; and HUMILITY, a disposition of was oppressed with poverty while mind wherein a person has a low he went about preaching the gospel. opinion of himself and his advanta-3. It appeared in his reputation: ges. It is a branch of internal worhe was loaded with the most abu- ship, or of experimental religion and sive railing and calumny, Is. liii.the godliness. It is the effect of divine most false accusations, Matt. xxvi, grace operating on the soul, and al59, 67. and the most ignominious ways characterizes the true chrisridicule, Psal. xxii, 6. Matt. xxii, tian. The heathen philosophers 68. John vii, 35.-4. In his soul were so little acquainted with this he was often tempted, Matt. iv, 1. virtue, that they had no name for &c. Heb. ii, 17, 18. Heb. iv, 15. it: what they meant by the word grieved with the reproaches cast on we use, was meanness and basehimself, and with the sins and mi-ness of mind. To consider this series of others, Heb. xii, 3. Matt. grace a little more particularly, xi, 19. John xi, 35. was burden- it may be observed, 1. That hued with the hidings of his Father's mility does not oblige a man to

wrong the truth, or himself, by numerous: 1. It is well pleasing to entertaining a meaner or worse God, 1st Pet. iii, 4.-2. It has opinion of himself than he de- great influence on us in the perserves.-2. Nor does it oblige a formance of all other duties, prayman, right or wrong, to give eve-ing, hearing, converse, &c.-3. It ry body else the preference to indicates that more grace shall be himself. A wise man cannot be-given, James iv, 6. Ps. xxv, 9.-4. lieve himself inferior to the igno- It preserves the soul in great tranrant multitude; nor the virtuous quillity and contentment, Ps. lxix, man that he is not so good as 32, 33.-5. It makes us patient those whose lives are vicious.-3. and resigned under afflictions, Job Nor does it oblige a man to treat i, 22.-6. It enables us to exercise himself with contempt in his moderation in every thing. Το obwords or actions: it looks more tain this excellent spirit we should like affection than humility, when remember, 1. The example of a man says such things in his own Christ, Phil. ii, 6, 7, 8.-2. That dispraise as others know, or he heaven is a place of humility, Rev. himself believes to be false: and it v, 8.-3. That our sins are numeis plain, also, that this is often done rous and deserve the greatest pumerely as a bait to catch the praises nishment, Lam. iii, 39.-4. That of others. Humility consists, 1. In humility is the way to honour, Prov. not attributing to ourselves any ex- xvi, 18.-5. That the greatest procellence or good which we have mises of good are made to the humnot.-2. In not over-rating any ble, Is. lvii, 15. Is. lxvi, 2. 1st Pet. thing we do.-3. In not taking an v, 5. Ps.cxlvii, 6. Matt. v, 5.Grove's immoderate delight in ourselves.- Mor. Phil. vol. ii, p. 286; Evans's 4. In not assuming more of the Christian Temper, vol. i, ser. 1; praise of a quality or action than Watts on Humility; Hale's Cont. belongs to us. 5. In an inward p. 110; Gill's Body of Div. p. 151. sense of our many imperfections vol. iii; Walker's Ser. vol. iv, and sins.-6. In ascribing all we ser. 3.

HUSBAND, duties of. See MARRIAGE STATE.

HUSSITES, a party of reform

have and are to the grace of God. True humility will express itself, 1. By the modesty of our appearance. The humble man will consider his ers, the followers of John Huss.age, abilities, character, function, John Huss, from whom the Hus&c. and act accordingly.-2. By sites take their name, was born in the modesty of our pursuits. We a little village in Bohemia, called shall not aim at any thing above Huss, and lived at Prague in the our strength, but prefer a good to a highest reputation, both on account great name.-3. It will express of the sanctity of his manners and itself by the modesty of our conver- the purity of his doctrine. He was sation and behaviour: we shall not distinguished by his uncommon be loquacious, obstinate, forward, erudition and eloquence; and perenvious, discontented, or ambiti-formed at the same time the funcous. The advantages of humility are tions of professor of divinity in the