RESPECTIVE PLACES OF THE PRONOUNS, DIRECT AND INDIRECT OBJECT.

When two personal pronouns, -one direct and the other indirect, -occur in the same sentence, they are both placed before the verb, except in the imperative affirmative.

In order to ascertain their respective places observe the person of the indirect, as is shown below.

1. He gives it TO ME.—The indirect is not of the 3d. person. 2. They give it TO HIM.-The indirect is of the 3d. person.

If the indirect is not of the third person, singular or plural, the order is the opposite to the English, i. e., the indirect before the direct.

He gives it TO ME, il me le donne.

If the indirect is of the third person, singular or plural, the order is the same as in English, i. e., the direct before the indirect.

He gives it TO HIM, il le lui donne.

When these pronouns are placed after the verb, (in the imperative affirmative,) the order is always the same as in English, i. e., the direct before the indirect.

Give it to me, donnez-le-moi.

Give it to him, donnez-le-lui.

The pronouns en and y (also y, there, adverb) always follow all other pronouns, whether before or after the verb.

Speak to her of it, parlez-lui-en.

Do not speak to her of it, ne lui en parlez pas,
I will send it to you there, je vous l'y enverrai.
He has spoken to me about it, il m'en a parlé.

Study and conjugate the past indefinite of répondre (p. 157), aller (p. 166), écrire (p. 169).

PAST INDEFINITE.

This tense expresses an action entirely completed, but performed at a time of which some part is not yet elapsed; as to-day, this week, this month, this year, etc.

IMPORTANT REMARK.-This tense is more frequently used in French than in English. In the familiar style, in all ordinary circumstances, it may be and is used instead of the past definite, i. e., when "did" is expressed or understood in English.

When I was in Paris, I used to Quand j'étais à Paris, j'allais de

CONVERSATION.

Etes-vous allé a l'église hier? Vos petits frères vont-ils à l'école tous les jours? Ce garçon aime-t-il son collége? Qu'apprend-il? Avez-vous déjà visité le musée? Nos amis ne sont-ils pas allés au musée? Y a-t-il un parc dans la ville? Vos amis sont-ils à l'Université de Michigan? Voulez-vous venir avec moi à la gare? Avez-vous beaucoup voyagé? Allez-vous de temps en temps au collége? Etes-vous venu avant Charles? Etes-vous venu longtemps avant lui?

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26.

Is your little boy at school? Yes, he is there now; he goes there twice a day. - Does he learn well? He is a little lazy; but he is so young. Who has gone to the station with your sister-in-law? My husband has accompanied her there.-She did not remain long with you. She remained only three days with us. Do you sometimes go to the college? I go there from time to time. -You are right.-Have you shut the door of your room? I always shut it when I think of it.- Where did you meet my servant? I met him on the boulevard.— Which museum did you visit yesterday? I visited the Art Museum. - Will you accompany me to the market? With pleasure; what do you wish to buy? I wish to buy a silver snuff-box.-You (en) have one already. Yes, but it is broken. Do you often travel? I travel two or three times a year. - Do you sometimes go to the park? I have been there only once. Do you like it? Not much.- Will you lend me your pen-knife? I can not lend it to you; my sister has it.

27.

Who has torn these envelopes? It is that little boy who has torn them.-Have you a (du) fire in your room? Not to-day; it is not cold. I am not warm. It is astonishing; it is warm to-day. - Do you burn wood or coal? We always burn coal. — (En) Do you burn much of it? We (en) burn five or six thousand kilogrammes a year. Is it not damp to-day? Yes, it is damp and mild. - Whose umbrella is this? It is my father's.

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It is torn; do you see?

Yes, it is an old umbrella. — Will you lend me yours? I (en) have not one. - Are there many apples this year? No, there are not a great many apples, but there are a good many pears.—Have you known your grandfather? No, but I have seen my grandmother. - How much does this man receive a day? He receives five francs a day. It is not much.- How many children has he? four or five.-Is not the young man who is with No, he is our neighbor's son. think he always works with him; I always see them together (ensemble).- Will you give me your old pen? I can lend it to you, but I do not wish to give it to you.

He (en) has him his son?

-Does he work with him? I

Study and conjugate, in the four forms, the future of avoir (p. 131), and être (p. 135).