Old-time Makers of Medicine: The Story of the Students and Teachers of the Sciences Related to Medicine During the Middle AgesFordham University Press, 1911 - 446 pages The book "Old-Time Maker, Medicine" is a tremendous contribution to the history of pioneers, practice, and medical thought. James J. Walsh offers a comprehensive evaluation of exactly how medicine has evolved due to personal genius and the wider cultural, political, and intellectual current of the period. A more complete historical context specific to this work: Historical Context for "Old-Time Makers of Medicine" Ancient Foundations: Spiritual and religious views were strongly associated in ancient civilizations through medicine. Egyptians, Greeks, and the Mesopotamians combined divinity and health, assuming that diseases had been both natural functions in addition to divine punishments. The Greeks especially started emphasizing the significance of natural reasons for diseases. This marked a major advancement from blaming illnesses exclusively on the whims of god. Interplay of Civilizations: The Roman Empire had a huge expanse and absorbed and gathered medical knowledge from each one of the territories it conquered, including Greece. The outcome was a rich tapestry of practical yet profoundly Greek - rational medical thought. As Europe entered the Dark Ages post the fall of the Roman Empire, the torchbearers of medical and scientific knowledge had been the Islamic civilizations. They not only preserved Greek and Roman sources but also expanded on them, creating complete medical works. The Church and medieval Europe: Europe experienced upheavals and invasion throughout the early medieval period. The Church was a significant preserver of knowledge throughout turbulent times. The monasteries served as sites of repose and study for old texts. Universities appeared in Europe as stability resurfaced with time. The foundations for formal medical education were laid by these institutions while they routinely studied medicine. Renaissance - A Rebirth: Art, science, and thought experienced a rebirth throughout the Renaissance. A return to classical sources entails re - reading ancient Greek and Roman texts. This period also saw challenges to traditional thoughts. The universal acceptance of Galenic medicine was disputed and oftentimes denied, particularly with the growth of exact anatomical studies. Cultural and Intellectual Currents: Medicine wasn't restricted to managing ailments during these times. The society's wider intellectual currents were reflected in it. Each period had a taste which shaped medical thought, whether it had been the philosophical view of the Greeks, the pragmatic stance of the Romans, the scientific pursuits of the Islamic Golden Age or the humanistic tendencies of Renaissance. |
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... patient should be put in a good full light , and the mouth should be held open and each gland pulled forward by a hook and excised . The operator should be careful , how- ever , only to excise those portions that are beyond the natural ...
... patient . Such local dilatation at this point of the veins is incurable , but there are also hard tumors like ... patients do not readily consent to ; those on the limbs may be cured in several ways . First , simple section of the skin ...
... patient is ordered to remain quiet , but with the legs higher than the head . Some people prefer treatment by means of the cautery . " Gurlt , in his " History of Surgery , " calls attention to the fact that two of our modern methods of ...
... by opiates after preliminary venesection , rubbings , lukewarm baths , and stimulating drinks . Every disturbance of the patient must be avoided , and visitors must be for- GREAT PHYSICIANS IN EARLY CHRISTIAN TIMES 43.
... patient must be avoided , and visitors must be for- bidden . The patient's room should rather be light than dark . His teaching crops up constantly in the centuries after his time , until the end of the nine- teenth century , and while ...