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WorldCat.org

Foreword xvii Preface xix Acknowledgements xxi Contributors xxiii Section I: Making of a Wheat Plant 3 1 Wheat evolution, domestication, and improvement 5 Summary 5 Introduction 5 Wheat domestication and human civilization 6 Wheat cultivation 7 Origin, domestication, and evolution of wheat 8 Genome evolution and modification 16 Mechanisms for chromosome evolution 18 The potential of wild emmer in wheat improvement 21 Concluding remarks on the process of wheat evolution 22 Future perspectives 23 References 23 2 Development of the wheat plant 31 Summary 31 Introduction 31 Scales of plant development 323 Morphological naming schemes 34 Shoot development 35 Environmental factors influencing shoot development 42 Digital technologies for wheat development 47 Linking molecular biology and functional genomics to development 49 Future perspectives 50 References 50 3 The flowering pathway in wheat 57 Summary 57 Overview of flowering induction in wheat 57 Genetic locations of flowering time genes 58 Positional cloning of flowering time genes in wheat 61 Comparative studies on flowering pathways in plants 65 Future perspectives 67 References 68 Section II: Making of a Wheat Crop 73 4 Systems-based wheat management strategies 75 Summary 75 Introduction 75 Advances in wheat management 75 Dual-purpose wheat 79 No-till wheat production 82 Future perspectives 84 References 86 5 Diseases which challenge global wheat production—the wheat rusts 89 Summary 89 Introduction 90 Wheat leaf rust 90 Wheat stripe rust 102 Wheat stem rust 109 Future perspectives 116 References 117 6 Diseases which challenge global wheat production—root, crown, and culm rots 125 Summary 125 Introduction 125 Common root rot 126 Fusarium crown rot 129 Pythium root rot 131 Rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch 134 Take-all 136 Cephalosporium stripe 139 Eyespot 141 Future perspectives 142 References 144 7 Diseases which challenge global wheat production—powdery mildew and leaf and head blights 155 Summary 155 Introduction 155 Powdery mildew 156 Stagonospora nodorum blotch 157 Septoria tritici blotch 158 Tan spot 159 Fusarium head blight 160 Management of residue-borne diseases 161 Future perspectives 163 References 164 8 Nematodes which challenge global wheat production 171 Summary 171 Introduction 171 Cereal cyst nematode 172 Root-lesion nematode 177 Future perspectives 182 References 183 9 Insects which challenge global wheat production 189 Summary 189 Hessian fly 189 Bird cherry–oat aphid 192 Greenbug 194 Russian wheat aphid 196 Future perspectives 198 References 199 10 Temporally and spatially dependent nitrogen management for diverse environments 203 Summary 203 Introduction 203 Nitrogen-use efficiency as a driver of new technology 204 Case study: What defines diverse environments 205 Is nitrogen needed 206 Nutrient deficiencies other than N 209 Prediction of yield potential 209 Prediction of N responsiveness independent of yield potential 210 Midseason N applications can result in maximum yields 210 Determination of midseason N rate 211 “Ramp” method of determining midseason N rate 212 Future perspectives 213 References 213 11 Grain yield improvement in water-limited environments 215 Summary 215 Introduction 215 Climate and crop growth 216 Water-limited yield potential 218 Characterizing target environments 219 Breeding for improved performance under drought 221 Breeding tools 224 Defining the breeding target 231 Future perspectives 243 References 243 12 Cutting down on weeds to cut a cleaner wheat crop 251 Summary 251 Impact of weeds on wheat 252 Controlling weeds with integrated weed management systems 256 Weed spatial variation and precision farming 263 Putting it all together: Examples of effective systems 264 Future perspectives 268 References 268 Section III: Making of a Wheat Cultivar 273 13 Wheat breeding: Procedures and strategies 275 Summary 275 Brief history of wheat breeding 276 The context of applied wheat breeding 277 Accessing genetic resources 277 Methods to generate genetic variation 279 Methods to assess genetic variation 284 Methods of selecting while inbreeding to develop a cultivar 285 Major issues all wheat breeders face 293 The practice of wheat breeding 296 Breeding hybrid wheat 300 Importance of technology 301 Future perspectives 301 Webliography 303 References 304 14 State of QTL detection and marker-assisted selection in wheat improvement 309 Summary 309 Introduction 309 Breeding by visual selection 310 Complex traits and gene pyramiding 311 Genetic mapping 311 Early progress and developments 313 Current progress in QTL analysis and deployment of MAS 316 Complex traits 319 Future developments and uses of QTL analysis and mapping 320 Future perspectives 321 References 322 15 Genome organization and comparative genomics 327 Summary 327 Mapping 328 Comparative genetics 330 Map-based cloning 335 Physical mapping in hexaploid wheat 342 Organization and evolution of the wheat genome 349 Toward sequencing the wheat genome 353 Future perspectives 357 References 359 16 Synthetic wheat—an emerging genetic resource 369 Summary 369 Introduction 369 Primary synthetic hexaploid wheat 371 Strategies for using primary synthetics in applied wheat breeding 377 Performance of derived synthetics 378 Future perspectives 380 References 381 17 Success in wheat improvement 387 World yield gains 387 Genetic component of grain yield improvement 388 Empirical estimation of genetic gain 389 Wheat yield gains in light of other crops 392 Future perspectives 393 References 394 18 Transgenic applications in wheat improvement 397 Summary 397 Introduction 398 Wheat transformation: Methods and results 398 Applications of wheat transformation 404 Limitations of wheat transformation technology 418 Future perspectives 424 References 426 Section IV: Making of a Wheat Industry 437 19 Overview of wheat classification and trade 439 Summary 439 Introduction 439 World production 439 Global wheat trade 440 Fundamental wheat classification criteria 444 US system of wheat classification 444 Canadian system of classification and marketing 449 Australian system of classification and marketing 450 Purchasing decision making 450 Grain exchanges 451 Future perspectives 453 References 454 20 Passing the test on wheat end-use quality 455 Summary 455 Introduction 455 Characteristics of major wheat-based foods 457 Compositional analysis and grain testing 465 Starch and flour properties 472 Solvent retention capacity 475 Dough testing and prediction of dough properties 476 End-product testing 482 Emerging opportunities 483 Future perpectives 485 References 486 21 The biochemical and molecular basis of wheat quality 495 Summary 495 Introduction 496 Diversity of wheat utilization 496 Processing specifications for wheat utilization 499 Protein composition and wheat quality 500 Lipid composition and wheat quality 506 Starch composition and wheat quality 509 Nonstarch polysaccharide composition and wheat quality 512 Flour color and wheat quality 513 Enzymes and wheat quality 514 Selection for wheat quality in breeding 516 Future perspectives 516 References 517 22 New uses for wheat and modified wheat products 521 Summary 521 Introduction 521 White wheat 523 Low polyphenol oxidase wheat 526 Altered starch 527 Wheat phytochemicals 532 Industrial wheat 538 Future perspectives 543 References 544 23 US wheat marketing system and price discovery 551 Summary 551 Introduction 551 Marketing system 551 Physical flow of wheat 555 Cash prices 555 Quality discounts and premiums 556 Future perspectives 556 Reference 556 Index 557

Wheat: Science and Trade is an up-to-date, comprehensive reference work designed to expand the current body of knowledge on this staple crop, incorporating new information made available by genetic advances, improvements in the understanding of wheat's biology, and changes in the wheat trade industry. Covering phylogeny and ontogeny, manipulation of the environment and optimal management, genetic improvement, and utilization and commercialization, the book focuses on the most economically significant diseases and impacts

Wheat : Science and Trade